1st Stage:
Preproduction
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2nd Stage:
Early Production
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3rd Stage:
Speech Emergence
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4th Stage:
Intermediate Fluency
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Characteristics
- 10 hours to 6 months exposure to English
- language skill--listening (receptive level)
- BICS development
- English Vocabulary--500 receptive words
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Characteristics
- 3-6 months to 1 year of English
- language skill--continued listening mainly
- BICS development
- English Vocabulary--1,000 receptive words (10% is expressive.)
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Characteristics
- 1 to 3 years of English
- Student speaks in phrases and short sentences
- BICS development
- English Vocabulary--7,000 receptive words (10% is expressive)
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Characteristics
- 3 to 4 years of English
- Student engages in dialogue.
- CALP development
- English Vocabulary--12,000 receptive words (10% is expressive.)
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Sample Student Behaviors
- "Silent Period"
- Points to or provides other non-verbal response
- Responds to commands
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Sample Student Behaviors
- One-word responses
- Short utterances
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Sample Student Behaviors
- Participates in small group activities
- Demonstrates comprehension in a variety of ways
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Sample Student Behaviors
- Participates in reading and writing activities to acquire new information
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Sample Teacher Behaviors
- Gestures
- Language focuses on conveying meanings and vocabulary development
- Repetition
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Sample Teacher Behaviors
- Asks questions that can be answered by yes/no and either/or responses
- Models correct responses
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Sample Teacher Behaviors
- Focuses content on keyconcepts
- Provides frequent comprehension checks
- Uses expanded vocabulary
- Uses performance-basedassessment
- Asks open-ended questions that stimulate language production
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Sample Teacher Behaviors
- Fosters conceptual development and expanded literacy through content
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Teaching Strategies
- 90% teacher talk
- Total Physical Response (TPR)
- Modeling
- Active student involvement
- Use of pictures
- Use of realia (concrete items)
- Simplified language
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Teaching Strategies
- 50-60% teacher talk
- TPR with responses--Verbal and non-verbal
- Who, what, where, andeither/or questions
- Role playing
- Completing sentences
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Teaching Strategies
- 40% teacher talk
- Scaffolding and expansion
- Poetry, songs, chants
- Predicting
- Comparing
- Describing
- Social interaction (cooperative learning with information gaps)
- How and why questions
- Problem solving
- Group discussion
- Labeling
- Listing, charting, graphing
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Teaching Strategies
- 10% teacher talk
- Essay writing
- Analyzing charts and graphs
- More complex problem solving and evaluating
- Continued with how and why questions--research and support
- Pre-writing activities--writing process, peer critiquing, etc.
- Literary analysis
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